Skin cancer in dogs: papilloma, lipoma and cysts

Skin cancer in dogs is very common and is found in different forms. It is not always possible to see changes in the cancer cell, unlike in humans where we can see changes in color etc. Therefore, a biopsy is the only guaranteed way to confirm if they are benign or malignant. A biopsy is simply the removal of a small sample of the tumor that is sent for pathology testing. If the tumor is small, your vet may remove it all for use in the biopsy.

If the growth is larger, more than an inch in diameter, your vet will take a sample of cells by aspiration. This is a simple procedure in which they insert a fine needle into the tumor and remove a small amount of the cell for further testing.

skin tags

Skin tags in dogs are wart-like growths that are usually benign and occur on the torso, on the paw pads, and under the nails. Canine oral papillomavirus is the usual cause of these bumps, and they tend to be found in older dogs, especially all breeds of poodles and similar dog breeds.

Usually, no treatment is necessary other than monitoring them. They do not need to be removed unless they are causing a problem due to their location in the body. On rare occasions, they will become infected or bleed, but if they did, it would be recommended to remove them.

bruises

A bruise is a blood clot under the skin, caused by a blow or bruise. These are not skin cancer in dogs. You may need to drain the big ones. Ear bruises require special attention, please consult your vet for advice as each case will be different.

If you find a hard mass that looks like bone, it is likely a calcified bruise. They are often located near an old fracture site and can present as a lump on the head, especially in tall dogs that bump their heads against the dining room table or other household furniture.

Because they have the potential to develop into canine bone cancer, calcified hematomas should be biopsied and possibly excised. They vary from other types of dog cancer in that they are often difficult to treat and can come back.

Epidermal inclusion cysts (sebaceous cysts)

Another type of skin cancer in dogs is an epidermal inclusion cyst, also known as a sebaceous cyst, these are common skin tumors found throughout the body. Spaniels, poodles, schnauzers, and terriers are the dog breeds most likely to be affected. Canine epidermal inclusion cysts form when dried secretions block hair follicles, causing a buildup of hair and sebum (an oily/greasy matter), leading to cyst formation.

They are a dome-like growth that can vary in size, up to an inch and a half, but usually smaller. If they become infected, drainage is recommended, sometimes leading to healing. One option is to remove it, but this is rare.

Treatment and prevention of skin cancer in dogs

Now that you know the different types of dog skin cancer, what should you do next?

1. Check your canine’s body regularly, looking for signs of growths or lumps. I usually do it when I bathe or groom my dog.

2. Make sure your faithful companion has a vet checkup at least once a year

3. Be aware of your diet. A good balanced diet will help prevent many ailments and help build natural immunities to many canine skin problems and cancers.

4. Research common diseases and cancers that occur in your breed of dog

5. Lots of love, walks and bonds. It’s not a cure or a prevention, but it will make you both feel good;